Donald Judd Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Donald Judd - Research Paper Example remember Judd for his contribution to a form of art known as Minimalist art, architecture, his influence in modern sculpture, and many other artistic forms. Below, we explore the various forms of art that made Judd popular and have his name to be top on the list of the most influential artists. Artists and people remember Judd for using a collection of three forms: boxes, stacks, and progression that he applied throughout the thirty years of his career in art. When he began his work and practice in art, in the 1940s, his sculptural objects predominantly took the arrangement of shallow reliefs. The same concepts became evident in his work, as the artist employed commercial fabricators to get the shapes that he desired. Commercial fabricators assisted him in maintaining the simple forms of boxes and stacks, which he would often set according to sequential or repeated progressions. Judd’s idea of boxes, stacks, and progression differed and still varies from most of the art that we have in the world today. Donald Judd named his three dimensional art specific. While other forms of art were general, his was specific (Wintle 388). The various shows and artworks presented by Judd all through the years in which he practiced art exhibit how he used the same forms and pieces i n specific ways. His application of specific objects in his form of art led to his involvement and promotion of the minimalist art. Judd was a distinguished figure, who stood at the forefront of Minimalism – a word that he detested, during the 1960s and part of the 1970s. Minimal art refers to a school of sculpture and abstract painting where the artist keeps any form of expression to the bare minimal to give a total literal presence. Some regard minimalist art as extremely simple and deliberate lack of content to express. Although many forms of art fall into the description of minimal art, the name referred to artwork that sprung during the 1960s. During that time, some critics of art preferred

Children and Young People Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Children and Young People Behaviour Essay Describe the benefits of encouraging and rewarding children’s positive behaviour. It is a necessity for a care provider to reward positive behaviour as positive reinforcement is vital for a child’s development. If you only punish a child for negative behaviour and not rewarding positive behaviour as well it will make the child develop a distort view of cause and affect, leaving them unsure of what is positive behaviour. This will then lead onto the child acting in a negative way in order to receive attention as it’s the only way they know how to get attention. Encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour balances out this problem and makes children want to try and receive positive rewards. The child will learn that doing something good will give them the right attention that they deserve and less likely to act out in a negative way for attention. Rewarding a child for their good behaviour encourages them to want to try new things so that they can receive even more praise therefore giving them more confidence and self-esteem. The confidence to try new things allows the child to learn new things and develop in many different ways. Care givers should be aware that not all rewards have to be big and a simple high five and a smile or a sticker will encourage a child to maintain good behaviour. For example if a child is learning how to write the letters, saying â€Å"well done† and giving the child after each attempt will make them want to keep trying until the can write the letter correctly. Describe behaviour problems that children and young children may display at different ages and that should be referred to others. Whom should these be referred to? Young children may develop a number of different â€Å"behaviour problems† during their development. A common behaviour problem is biting which normally starts around the age of 18 months. Although it may seem as if the child is being aggressive it is important for care providers to remember that it is a form of exploration, children use their mouths to explore as it is one of the most developed parts of their bodies. Infants don’t have self-control at this young age so they could bite someone when they feel excited or even for no reason and because they see something close that they can bite. When this trait continues when the child is a toddler it is still out of frustration, if a child is unable to communicate using their words they get frustrated not being able to get their message across therefore bite instead. Care providers should speak together with the child’s parents or guardian in rder to devise a plan of action on how to handle the situation. However if the situation is still a behaviour problem for a child who is over the age of 3 years it will be taken more seriously as the main causes for biting are no self-control and lack of communication but at this age most children have both of these qualities so their reason for biting may be different such as attention seeking. Further help may need to be asked for by a specialist in behaviour management in order to find a speci fic solution for the behaviour problem. Temper tantrums occur for most toddlers. The reason that temper tantrums are used as the child gets frustrated that they can’t control their environment around them and the actions of others. For example if a child asks to go and play outside but the care providers at their nursery tells them no they would throw themselves on the floor and shout, the beginning of their tantrum. Language has not fully developed for toddlers so they may not understand why they may not be allowed to do what they wish. It has been shown through studying young children that a high percentage of children will snatch toys, push other children over or fight with other children. They may not have reached the stage in their development when they understand some things are theirs, some things belong to others and some things are shared between children (for example nursery toys) At the age of 5 years this is when a child would transition into school. This may be due to separation anxiety or having to interact with people they are not familiar with. Trouble adapting to their new environment could cause behaviour problems such as not wanting to operate with the new rules in their school. However at the age of 5 language is much more developed and parents can explain to the child and reassure them to make them feel more comfortable and get used to their new environment. Although they have come very far in their development by this age there are still more things for a child to achieve from the age of five years. This can result in the child becoming very frustrated with themselves if they can’t do something â€Å"perfectly† as they may not get the results they want when completing a task such as drawing a picture of their parents. At the age of five years the child may also try to test limits as they are exploring their independence. This will be shown through talking about or simple not listening to instructions when told to do something. Whining and tantrums are also sometimes still common at this age as the child has only recently left pre-school and have not developed enough to understand that there are other ways of expressing themselves. In order to resolve this behaviour problem it is down to the school to keep reminding the child what is expected of them and try to encourage and reward positiove behaviour. Talking to parents is key as you can work together to try and resolve a problem that may only be temporary due to the child’s age. It is important for both parents and child providers to remember tat what may seem like disobedience may simple be a lack or language or lack of attention and most cases of â€Å"disruptive behaviour† will be grown out of as the child develops in all aspects. For example a child of two and a half years has not developed many communication skills so growls at the other children in the pre school instead of talking. Although this behaviour is unacceptable the child should simple be spoken explaining that its not nice and focus on the underlying problem which is the speech elay and try to encourage the speech instead. If through the helkp of the care providers at the pre school and the parents can’t speed along the speech then a speech and language specialist may be needed in order to help the child.

Accomplishments of Dorothea Dix

Accomplishments of Dorothea Dix Dorothea Dix Nekisha Riley In this paper I have chosen the public health pioneer Dorothea Dix to discuss. Dorothea was the person responsible for devoting her time to the welfare of the mentally ill. She was also and educator and an activist for many. In this paper, I will discuss the impact that Dorothea had on public health, what she did to advance public health, and some of the obstacles that she had to overcome. Dorothea Dix also known as Dolly was born in 1802 in Hampden, Maine to Joseph and Mary Dix. Dorothea was the eldest of her two siblings (Norbury, 1999). Dorothea’s father was a Methodist preacher and an alcoholic while her mother suffered from mental illness. Her father was known to be abusive, but Joseph was known for educating his children (Parry, 2006). Dorothea’s father taught her and her two brothers how to read and write. In 1812, the Dix family took up and moved to Vermont due to the war of 1812 (Gollaher, 1993). Dorothea and her family remained as one until Dorothea felt she had had enough of her dysfunctional family. At this time, Dorothea had dealt with enough of her father’s abuse, so she decided to run away at the age of 12 to live with her grandmother in Boston. Dorothea stayed with her grandmother for a brief amount of time before moving with her aunt in Worcester, Massachusetts (Parry, 2006). After staying with her aunt for two years, Dorothea opened up her first private school to help children learn to read and write. When Dorothea realize that her school was now a success, she went back to reside with her grandmother Dix in Boston. This is when Dorothea opened her second school and added a night school for the poor, which was one of the first ones in the nation (Gollaher, 1993). After being an educator for almost four years now, Dorothea met Edward, which later became her fiancà © (Gollaher, 1993). The unrealistic thing about her new relationship was her now fiancà © was also her first cousin (Parry, 2006). It was about three months later her father died and Dorothea decided that she no longer wanted to get married. Dorothea spent the next couple of years educating as many people as she could. She was also attending conferences to educate herself. At this point, Dorothea has been working so much without getting the proper amount rest that she has fallen very ill with a severe upper respiratory ailment. It was at this time, Dorothea decided to move to Liverpool, England to stay with the Rathbone family for almost a year while recovering from her illness (Ivan, 1976). The Rathbone family took a liking to her and showed her more affection that her family had. In 1837, Dorothea returned to the United States . At this point her grandmother passed away which her mother died a couple of days afterwards (Ivan, 1976). She was still ill and did not have the strength to resume teaching yet, so she used the Dix estate and savings to support herself (Ivan, 1976). In 1841, Dorothea met a ministerial student, who was teaching Sunday class for women who were incarcerated in East Cambridge Jail (Norbury, 1999). The ministerial student became so frustrated with his efforts of trying to teach these women, that he asked Dorothea for advice. When talking to Dorothea, Dorothea realized that this could be an opportunity for her to volunteer at this jail. This was the turning point of Dorothea’s life. She started volunteering at Cambridge Jail and noticed the living conditions and how the mentally ill was mistreated (Gollaher, 1993). The jail had no heat in any of the living quarters. Those incarcerated were not segregated and all lived together including hardened criminals, feeble-minded children, and the mentally ill (Norbury, 1999). Dorothea was determined to get the prisoners some heat by going through the court system. In Massachusetts, Dorothea had her first memorial for a law that they had permitting them to hold women and men who had mental issues (Ivan, 1976). In 1848, Dorothea asked Congress to grant 12 million acres of land for the benefits of the mentally ill, blind, and deaf. She had plans to build asylums to help house people that need help and could not receive it (Parry, 2006). Congress approved the bill, but six years later President Franklin Pierce vetoed it (Gollaher, 1993). This was one of the many setbacks that Dix had, but she did not allow it to hinder her from being devoted to helping the mentally ill. After having this minor setback she spent the next decade improving hospitals in Rhode Island and New York (Ivan, 1976). She also established hospitals in thirteen other states along with District of Columbia (DC), Ontario, and Nova Scotia (Ivan, 1976). At this point, in Dorothea’s life she had become worn out from working so hard and not getting any rest. In 1854, Dorothea decided to travel to Europe and rest (Gollaher, 1993). Once she was in Europe she learned that the private hospitals for the wealthy and the public facility for the poor were very different. Dorothea traveled from 1854 to 1856 to 14 countries and instigated many changes (Parry, 2006). In 1856, Dorothea returned to the United States to resume her reform work. When she returns, the country is in an uproar from slavery issues (Gollaher, 1993). She had to remain neutral on the issue of slavery, or if she was anti-slavery the southern states would have refused to hear what she had to say and her reform for mental institution would have not taken place in the south. Five years later, the Civil War began. Dorothea volunteered her services and became the Superintendent of United States Army Nurses. Dix’s job was to organize the first aid stations, recruit nurses, obtain supplies, and help to set up training facilities and hospitals (Ivan, 1976). Although Dix did have the determination required to pursue these tasks during the war, she lacked the social skills. Dix’s lack of social skills and training caused her to have some issues with the doctors. The doctors also felt like Dix was stepping over the line for telling them about the unsanitary conditions, their drinking habits, and the treatment of the soldiers. At this point they were treating Dorothea differently and no longer wanted her to be there. Dorothea resigned from her position but remained there to help find missing soldiers, write letters to families letting them know the status of their son’s well-being, and helped soldiers with securing their pensions (Parry, 2006). After the war Dix returned to traveling around the United States and Europe helping the mentally ill, while gaining the support of the wealthy (Parry, 2006). Some of the hospitals that Dix helped established were now understaffed and overcrowded. Some people were saying that Dix no longer cared for what she had started many years ago. At this time, Dix said that the hospital needed to provide the clients with therapy and that everything would go back to normal. At this time Dix had founded 32 of 123 mental hospitals in the country (Gollaher, 1993). She has now reached the age of 80 years old and has returned to New Jersey due to her ailing health (Norbury, 1999). Dorothea later retired and moved into one of the guest rooms at one of the mental hospitals that she help establish more than three decades before. Dix remained at the hospital for about five years before she died in 1887 (Ivan, 1976). Dorothea had accomplishments that came along with some obstacles. She was able to help many have a safe place to stay and receive the proper help that they needed. Dix was a pioneer to public health and stayed true to what she believed. While Dix was never married, she was engaged to her cousin for about three months (Parry, 2006). Dorothea has many things in today’s society that remains in her memory like the Dorothea Dix hospital here in my home state of North Carolina. References Gollaher, D.L. (1993). Dorothea Dix and the English Origins of the American Asylum  Movement. Canadian Review Of American Studies, 23(3), 149. Norbury, F.B. (1999). Dorothea Dix and the Founding of Illinois’ Firat Mental Hospital. Journal  Of The Illinois State Historical Society (1998-), Ivan, P.P. (1976). Pioneers in Special Education—Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802-1887).  Journal Of Special Education, 10(1), 2. Parry, M.S. (2006). Dorethea Dix (1802-1887). American Journal of Public Health. pp. 624-625.

Procedural Democracy :: essays research papers

For a country to be truly democratic, it must practice procedural democracy and substantive democracy. A solid foundation and variety of different procedures is what makes a democracy work as it does for us today. There will always be problems with any system and there will always be someone complaining about how the government works. Without a doubt, we will never have a perfect government and we will probably never find one person without some sort of disagreement with the way things are run. But, a democracy is run off of compromises, and it will only work if the people are pleased with the progress that it has made. Democracy is supposed to be run by the people, but which people actually count. Many democracies don’t even allow the majority of their people vote. All democratic governments have some sort of regulations on who is allowed to vote. Even the United States of America, which we perceive to be one of the most democratic countries in the world, has regulations. If you are; too young, have ever been convicted of a felony, not a certified U.S. citizen, or are not mentally competent, you are not allowed to vote. This list has shrunk since the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendment though. Women, blacks, and even the poor have been discriminated upon to keep the people â€Å"we† want in the office. Slaves were even counted as only three-fifths of a vote at one time. It has been a hard fought battle by many people to get whom they think are the right people voting. What may be the most famous line of the Declaration of Independence states â€Å"We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This line sets the tone for the rest of American life. It lets us know that there should be political equality and every live is as important as the next. It lets us know that one mans opinion is just as important as the other mans opinion. The majority will rule when it comes down to it, but minorities cannot be completely tossed away.

Terrible death of Abraham Lincoln

When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d by Walt Whitman expresses the terrible death of   Abraham Lincoln. â€Å"And the great star early droop’d †¦. † taken from the second line of the poem demonstrates the reference to President Abraham Lincoln with â€Å"Great Star† as the representation being the 16th president of the United States. Whitman’s yearly reminder of Lincoln’s death is symbolizes by the blooming of the lilacs in April which justify the same month in which Lincoln was assassinated. Whitman makes use the imagery of lilacs to successfully convey the vigor of the poem.Lilacs here emphasize the things about the death and elegy of Lincoln. The first one is that the lilacs symbolize sorrow in the beginning but currently represent closure. It means the death of the president brought them sadness but the lilacs place on the coffin gives them hope because it is a symbolic gesture of honor and respect. It also signifies that even though the flower is rotten, again and again there will be new lilacs when spring comes. Just like Lincoln, through his elegy his memories will be revived. The turning point of this poem which was written by Whitman deals with death and acceptance of it.This line explains it â€Å"I leave thee lilac with heart-shaped leaves; I leave thee there in the door-yard, blooming, returning with spring†. He proves his optimistic outlook here. Lilacs also indicate the repeated sequence of life. Whitman perceives from the lilacs, that passing away is an unavoidable factor of this cycle. The images of the lilac represent love, hope, life, despair, and rebirth. They also serve as a channel that leads Whitman to understand death. Through this poem, Whitman honors Lincoln as a magnificent leader and a noble person. Aside from this, it is also important because it provides end for the nation in bereavement.Above all, the poem of lamentation efficiently shows that Lincoln's heritage will alway s be reborn among the blossoming lilacs when spring returns. In my own opinion, Whitman changes poetry forever by having a concrete representation of his feeling about the person whom he adores and respects too much. The way he delivers the details of his poem, it shows that the whole nation involves here and he tries to comfort all of them even himself. In that aspect, it’s very hard for a poet or writer to address wholeheartedly the entire story of the person being emphasized.Because it may lead him to the wrong motives and implications, it can be a big issue to the readers or listeners, it maybe biased and more on criticism. But as he connects one line of the poem to the other, we will notice the strong feeling of Whitman that he is affected by the tragedy happened to the president. And he tries his best to put the details into figures of speech so that the true essence of poetry will not be erased. I do believe that Whitman change poetry forever by simply putting his hear t in his poem, his true feeling and the lesson that he learns after making the whole poem.

The Auditor Must Have Adequate Technical Training And Proficiency To Perform Accounting Essay Essays

The Auditor Must Have Adequate Technical Training And Proficiency To Perform Accounting Essay Essays The Auditor Must Have Adequate Technical Training And Proficiency To Perform Accounting Essay Essay The Auditor Must Have Adequate Technical Training And Proficiency To Perform Accounting Essay Essay I chose Section 200 General Standards Accounting Principles, better known as Generally Accepted Auditing Standards ( GAAS ) . They were developed by the AICPA in 1947 and have undergone minor alterations since so. ( 4 ) These are sets of regulations and guidelines promulgated by the AICPA s Auditing Standards Board. ( 1 ) Its auditing criterions place necessary making and features of hearers and steer the behavior of the audit scrutiny. [ ( 2 ) p.39 ] Besides, they are used by hearers when carry oning audits on companies fundss, guaranting the truth, consistence and verifiability of hearers actions and studies. ( 3 ) The intent is to run into the aims of an audit scrutiny, which have been identified as: to obtain sensible confidence about whether the fiscal statements as a whole are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or mistake, thereby enabling hearers to show an sentiment on whether the fiscal statement are prepared, in all stuff respects, in conformity with an applicable fiscal coverage model ; and to describe on the fiscal statements, and communicate as required by GAAS, in conformity with the hearer s findings. [ ( 2 ) . p.39 ] II. Significance of GAAS for comptrollers Its significance for comptrollers consists of the follows: The hearer must hold equal proficient preparation and proficiency to execute the audit. The hearer must keep independency in mental attitude in all affairs related to the audit. The hearer must exert due professional attention during the public presentation of the audit and the readying of the study. ( 2 ) pag. 40 The hearer must adequately be after the work and must decently oversee any helpers. The hearer must obtain a sufficient apprehension of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to measure the hazard of material misstatement of the fiscal statements whether due to error or fraud, and to plan the nature, timing, and extent of farther audit processs. The hearer must obtain sufficient appropriate audit grounds by executing audit processs to afford a sensible footing for an sentiment sing the fiscal statements under audit. ( 6 ) The hearers must carry on a GAAS audit to find whether the company s fiscal statement are prepared harmonizing to GAAP. ( 2 ) P 39 III. Situations in an accounting pattern that would do the contents of GAAS peculiarly relevant The CPAs employ GAAS in fixing for and executing audits of a client s fiscal statements. The guidelines include mentions to the hearer s makings ( general criterions ) , audit field work ( statements of field work ) , and describing the audit consequences ( criterions of coverage ) . The wide criterions are backed by elaborate interpretive literature. An hearer unable to show an sentiment on the fiscal statements must give grounds. A CPA who does non carry on an scrutiny in conformity with GAAS can be held in misdemeanor of the AICPA s Code of Professional Ethics and face legal action by affected parties. ( 7 ) The GAAS serves as a fiscal tool whereby the person, company or authorities bureaus gather and make accurate studies for fixing revenue enhancement signifiers, using for concern loans, adhering insurance, describing to the board of managers or the general populace. On the single degree, this procedure is simplified unless the individual has a considerable sum of varied assets. For concern proprietors holding semi-annual digest or reviewed statements enables them to turn out to Bankss and insurance companies that they are financially feasible. Government bureaus are required by jurisprudence to utilize this criterion scrutinizing pattern to demo the public how revenue enhancement dollars are being utilized. ( 7 ) When holding fiscal statements compiled for a reviewed statement for the intents of using for a loan, adhering insurance or other insurance, it is recommended that a company usage an outside CPA because an internal comptroller may miss the objectiveness and independency required to follow with GAAS. GAAS serves as a agency by which we can be protected from fraud by advancing truth in fiscal statements. These guidelines when adhered to give concerns, Bankss, authorities bureaus and persons the ability to do sound determinations. IV. List of five beginnings that I intend to consul in researching 1. AICPA web site 2. Duska, Ronald F. , A ; Duska, Brenda Shay ( 2003 ) . Accounting Ethical motives. Wiley-Blackwell 3. Timothy J. Louwers. 4 erectile dysfunction. Auditing A ; Assurance Services 4. NEC library, 5. Accounting text editions 6. Online beginnings such as ( 1 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/generally-accepted-auditing-standards ( 2 ) Timothy J. Louwers. 4 erectile dysfunction. Auditing A ; Assurance Services ( 3 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/generally-accepted-auditing-standards # ixzz1DCl4Ps00 ( 4 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_Accepted_Auditing_Standards gt ; Library gt ; Business A ; Finance gt ; Accounting Dictionary ( 5 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_4759920_what-generally-accepted-auditing-standards.html # ixzz1DDS4WlLw ( 6 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_Accepted_Auditing_Standards ( 7 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/generally-accepted-auditing-standards ( 8 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ehow.com/about_4759920_what-generally-accepted-auditing-standards.html

How to Write a College Research Report

How to Write a College Research Report As a student in college, you will often be required to write a couple of research reports before completing your course. It is therefore important that you know how to write a good research report, so you can get good grades and graduate with impressive grades. The first step in writing a research report is to decide on the topic which you want to explore in the report. While lecturers always give a topic for the other kinds of academic papers, when assigning a college research report, most lecturers let the students decide for themselves the kind of topics on which they are comfortable enough to write. When selecting the topic, you should always make sure that the topic that you select is manageable, meaning that you can comfortably and fully explore the topic that you choose. Also, ensure that you find the topic interesting, as it can be very difficult to create interesting papers from a topic that you already regard as boring and dull. Once you have your topic, the next step to take is to brainstorm the selected topic. Brainstorming basically entails thinking of as many ideas that you can about an issue, before all these ideas can be narrowed to a single line of thought. Normally, students are supposed to use the theme that they have chosen for the report to brainstorm for more ideas. The brainstorming session should enable you come up with numerous ideas, all of which you may not be able to cover in the research report. The next step is to therefore, think of the idea that interests you the most and to use this as the main idea about which you will write in the research report. It is often said that two heads are better than one and this saying is best illustrated during brainstorming because, when you work in groups, it will be much easier to generate many ideas that you find interesting. The brainstorming session should result in narrowing down the topic to an idea, on which the writer can comfortably and compre hensively elaborate, in the research report. With the main idea already identified, the research process can now begin. Many lecturers insist that when writing academic papers assigned by them, library sources should be used, although others allow the student to use any peer review sources. The Internet, magazine articles, newspaper articles, periodicals and journals, are some of the sources commonly used to get the information used to write academic papers. In some cases students come across certain ideas that make them further narrow down the topic. While researching, it is important that students take note of every important information that they come across and after collecting the data, the student should sort the information according to the outline that they had already written, or which they can then write while organizing the information that they have collected. Writing the outline is a great way of organizing the academic paper, so it is easier to write for the student and very easy to understand on the part of the r eader. Once the outline is done, the student can then begin the writing process which many lecturers recommend should start with the first draft. After completion, the student can then revise and write the final draft. If you need a custom research report feel free to buy research paper at our service CustomWritings.com.

The Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana †Ethics Essay

The Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana – Ethics Essay Free Online Research Papers The Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana Ethics Essay There are several positive aspects resulting from the use of medical marijuana. Some of these positive attributes include its therapeutic uses in the relief of nausea and vomiting, cancer pain, and other chronic pain associated with debilitating illnesses. Joycelyn Elders, M.D and former U.S. General Surgeon states, â€Å"[That] the evidence is overwhelming that marijuana can relieve certain types of pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms caused by such illnesses as multiple sclerosis, cancer and AIDS. . . .† One of marijuana’s best supported uses is for the treatment of nausea caused by cancer chemotherapy. Most cancer patients are not able to tolerate pain medications with harsh side effects to relieve the nausea caused by chemotherapy. Marijuana is used as a more mild nausea relieving medication as well as a pain medication for these cancer patients. People that support the use of marijuana claim that it also alleviates symptoms of AIDS. There is some interesting research regarding it in the treatment of appetite suppression â€Å"[that] marijuana may be valuable in the treatment of appetite suppression related diseases such as cancer and AIDS.† (Nutrition Bytes 2005, Vol. 10) There are also several negative aspects resulting from the use of marijuana. Some of these negative attributes include harm to the immune system, and a gateway drug (leading to harder drugs). Studies have shown that marijuana affects the smoker’s body to fight against infections and helps weaken the immune system. Using marijuana has harmful effects on patients with pre-existing immune deficiencies such as AIDS, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplants (http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/evidence99/marijuana/Health_1.html). Also marijuana use on a daily bases can impair lung function resulting in infections. Marijuana impairs coordination, perception, memory, and judgment. In addition, it triggers various mental disorders such as paranoia, depression, hallucinations, and schizophrenia. One of marijuana’s harmful consequences is its potential role as a gateway drug, which leads to â€Å"harder† drugs. While not all people who use marijuana go on to use other drugs, there is a high risk that people who do use it will be exposed or encourage to participate in trying more dangerous drugs (Joy, Stanley, Watson, Benson, pg 5). Even though marijuana smoke delivers THC (the active ingredient in marijuana), which is useful to the body, it also delivers harmful toxins including those found within tobacco smoke. Such harmful toxins have been linked to the promotion of lung cancer. Lastly, use of marijuana has been linked to cases of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx (http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/evidence99/marijuana/Health_1.html). Research Papers on The Pros and Cons of Medical Marijuana - Ethics EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseGenetic EngineeringMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationCapital PunishmentThe Fifth HorsemanThree Concepts of Psychodynamic

The Benefits of Strategic Information Systems Coursework

The Benefits of Strategic Information Systems - Coursework Example Many business organizations exist which have acquired information systems but are unable to deploy these systems in a strategic manner in order to achieve a competitive advantage in their areas of operation, these failures often result from a misalignment of the strategic objectives of the company’s information systems with the strategic objectives of the business as a whole (Fortune & Peters, 2005) (Heeks, 2002). There are a number of possible reasons for such a misalignment some of the commonly cited reasons for such a misalignment include differing personalities and outlooks of the IT people and the business managers, separate budgets for IT departments which are unrelated to the budgets for the other departments and lack of oversight and effective management of the IT departments and an absence of accountability for business results (Heeks, 2002). These problems are often caused by a misplaced belief in the power of technology to help an organization in achieving its strategic aims, in reality; the mere presence of high tech equipment is of no use until it is utilized in a proper manner. According to a recent study on the link between information technology and productivity, advancements in information technology were not the primary cause of the improvements in technology which have occurred since the mid 1990’s rather it was the changes in business processes brought on by the use of information technology that enabled these gains in productivity (Ward & Peppard, 2002).In order to have an effective information system, managers need to make clear that the computational technology is not important in itself, it is rather a tool for realizing the strategic business aims of the company (Ward & Peppard, 2002).

Critical Essay On The Book The Crusades through Arab Eyes

Critical On The Book The Crusades through Arab Eyes - Essay Example The book stands out among other books written on this subject, for it differs from other books in its focus. Majority of books have depicted the Crusades from the Western perspective. This book focuses on the Arab forces and their thoughts. The author begins the book by describing the fear that Franj troops created in the minds of Arab leaders. King Kilij Arslan was the first Arab King who was informed about the approach of Franj troops. â€Å"The King Kilij Arslan whom Ibn al-Qalanisi mentions here was not yet seventeen when their invader arrived. The first Muslim leader to be informed of their approach, but also the first to be routed by the formidable knights.  The news of the invasion was received with fear, as Arslan was aware that the Franj troops brought ruin and destruction. The attitude of Arab world towards Franj troops is depicted in the thoughts of Arslan. Although they were ignorant of their aims, they were sure that Franj troops were coming to harm them. Arslan repre sented the outlook of the Arab world towards Franj troops. â€Å"He immediately feared the worst. Naturally, he had no idea as to the real aims of these people, but in his view, nothing good could come of their arrival in the Orient.†. The Arab world viewed the Franj troops with distrust and fear.  The book also sheds light on the conduct of Arabs and Franj troops during the Crusades. The Franj troops claimed that they followed the teachings of Christian but their behaviour defied their claim.  Ã‚  

Will Youtube be the new Academy of Arts Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Will Youtube be the new Academy of Arts - Article Example It gives billions of individuals a chance to â€Å"discover, watch and share originally created videos. It is a virtual forum where people can connect, inspire and connect with others from around the world and it also acts as a platform on which creators of original content can show their material (30). Alexa, a company that classifies websites according to popularity and usage, has continually ranked YouTube among the top five global websites. It lies on the same wavelength as websites such as Google and Facebook in terms of global popularity (Burgess and Green 12). The power of YouTube as a video sharing channel has elicited wide ranging opinions from scholars and social network experts. Uploading videos on the site is easy and free. It offers a wide range of video categories such as gaming, animation, news, entertainment and many others. Since the advent of YouTube many people who were little known outside their neighborhoods and schools became famous because they were able to upload and show the world what they had to offer (Cheng, Dale and Liu 144). Researchers believe that the potential of YouTube as a means of talent discovery is not going to fade any time soon. However, it is generally agreed that one does not have to become famous simply by adding his or her video on YouTu be, there has to be some level of creativity to go with it (Burgess and Green 43). Most of the people who have posted their videos on You Tube and ended up becoming famous for doing that include Jackie Evancho, Maria Aragon who is a 10 year old singer, Edwards Gould who is a world famous animator and there is of course the sensational Justine Bieber, the Canadian child superstar who has taken the music world by storm. Bieber was discovered on YouTube after his mother posted some videos of himself singing. Jackie Evancho is also a child superstar whose talent was discovered on YouTube. She finished second on the fifth season of the popular show ‘America’s

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film - Essay Example Subsequently, Inception went on to win several significant awards, but most notably the Academy Awards. The film projects three principal themes; dreams, recursion and, suicide. Inception questions the wisdom of accessing too much information from a person’s subconscious. The movie revolves around a thief, Cobb, who steals precious information from the minds of his targets. He does this by projecting into their respective subconscious and sourcing the essential information. It is during one such projection, Saito’s mind, that he is defeated in retrieving the required information, but ends up being hired for a job whose gains will see him able to return, safely, to his family. The picture expounds on the strain that was faced in the new task, Fischer’s subconscious. Amidst all this, Cobb has to battle his emotions pertaining to his wife’s suicide, which disturbs and delays waylays him, within the target’s subconscious. Ultimately, Ariadne shoots Mal, thus, saving Cobb. The mission is successful, and the protagonist’s return to his family is made plausible. Very few movies have explored this unique theme of projecting into people’s dreams. The movie illustrates this process in a manner previously rarely seen. The main audience of this film happens to be adults. This arises from the fact that its themes and intricate details can only be fully grasped by adults. Science can best be defined as a realistic speculation of future scientific and social advancements. This is realized via deep understanding of the scientific world. It requires a considerable amount of imagination and existence of the element of plausibility. It is imperative for Science fiction movies to be characterized by conflict, believability and excellent visual effects. Inception is characterized by all these three elements. The Dreams are a core theme throughout the entirety of the movie. It entails an intricate web of interconnected dreams. A dreamer is the individual in whose dream the action exists. Subsequently, each level of dreaming must have its own dreamer. Each dream must have its subject, who is the individual whose subconscious is the source of information. Unless something bizarre happens, the dreamer is usually unaware that he is dreaming. However, in the event the subject realizes he is dreaming, his projections are often violent towards the dreamer. To avoid such eventualities, the work of the architect is to make the world as real as humanly possible. In the dream world, when an individual committed suicide, it meant a safe passage to reality. This was often the avenue of choice for a majority of characters in the film when at wits end. However, in the Fischer mission, this avenue is unsafe as no guarantee exits on its safety and certainty. The team realizes that death, in that particular dream state, will usher them into limbo where one is prone to insanity. Throughout the entirety of the film, the protagonist is haunted by the first suicide in the films beginning. His wife, Mal committed suicide while attempting to return to her children in real life. She had believed that she was still in her dream while in fact she was in the actual world. The third prominent theme is that of recursion. This is evident in both conceptual and visual features. This is exemplified by a dreamer is dreaming a dream. This creates the concept of levels as sociated to levels. A dreamer first dream in the first level, then another dreamer inside the first dream initiates another dream. Thus, two dreams now exist, and events are now taking place in the second level: often, the inner stories inside the dream in a dream overwhelm the real world framing. These interconnected dreams are the core concept of the film. Recursion enables the individuals

Biodiversity of the Ecosystem in Taxon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biodiversity of the Ecosystem in Taxon - Essay Example The first period of evolution of insect is called Devonian. Development of body parts was the first major part of evolution of insects. There are three major part of insect body namely Head, Thorax and Abdomen. Insects belong to each group of ecosystem. They can live in water, air and on land and trees also. There are various developments in their structure according to their adaptations. Like when insects start flying they developed wings. They also developed compound eyes to have good sight and navigation. To support their bones they have a strong skin. Slowly according to their habitat they modified their body structure. Folded wings made them compact in size. The latest modification in the structure of insect is the evolution from larvae. This made them to evolve independently. Their mouth, limb, wings and other parts developed. The development of mouth happened according to the food habits. They developed sucking mouth to suck the nectar from flowers. They generally depend on liquid diet. Change in flower structure caused to the change in the mouth structure of insects. The evolution of insects was a very long process. However threat to them is much and should be preserved to save ecosystem.

Occupational Therapy Assistant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Occupational Therapy Assistant - Essay Example The decision I made has been coupled by a lot of adjustments I have to make in my life so as to be the perfect person I want to be. Being that my occupation involves interaction with people of different ages, I am learning how to handle the old and young patients who might be put under my care. The old need special treatment as well as the young. Since the work as an occupational therapist assistant may mean working in hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes and even mental health facilities, I am currently adapting to different lives and different people. I know it is not a walk in the park working in a mental health facility, but yet again, I understand how much these patients need someone like me to look after them. For this reason, having understood the difficulty involved in working under these conditions, I have trained myself to be adaptable to any circumstances that might be associated with my

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sci-fi. Inception science fiction film - Essay Example Subsequently, Inception went on to win several significant awards, but most notably the Academy Awards. The film projects three principal themes; dreams, recursion and, suicide. Inception questions the wisdom of accessing too much information from a person’s subconscious. The movie revolves around a thief, Cobb, who steals precious information from the minds of his targets. He does this by projecting into their respective subconscious and sourcing the essential information. It is during one such projection, Saito’s mind, that he is defeated in retrieving the required information, but ends up being hired for a job whose gains will see him able to return, safely, to his family. The picture expounds on the strain that was faced in the new task, Fischer’s subconscious. Amidst all this, Cobb has to battle his emotions pertaining to his wife’s suicide, which disturbs and delays waylays him, within the target’s subconscious. Ultimately, Ariadne shoots Mal, thus, saving Cobb. The mission is successful, and the protagonist’s return to his family is made plausible. Very few movies have explored this unique theme of projecting into people’s dreams. The movie illustrates this process in a manner previously rarely seen. The main audience of this film happens to be adults. This arises from the fact that its themes and intricate details can only be fully grasped by adults. Science can best be defined as a realistic speculation of future scientific and social advancements. This is realized via deep understanding of the scientific world. It requires a considerable amount of imagination and existence of the element of plausibility. It is imperative for Science fiction movies to be characterized by conflict, believability and excellent visual effects. Inception is characterized by all these three elements. The Dreams are a core theme throughout the entirety of the movie. It entails an intricate web of interconnected dreams. A dreamer is the individual in whose dream the action exists. Subsequently, each level of dreaming must have its own dreamer. Each dream must have its subject, who is the individual whose subconscious is the source of information. Unless something bizarre happens, the dreamer is usually unaware that he is dreaming. However, in the event the subject realizes he is dreaming, his projections are often violent towards the dreamer. To avoid such eventualities, the work of the architect is to make the world as real as humanly possible. In the dream world, when an individual committed suicide, it meant a safe passage to reality. This was often the avenue of choice for a majority of characters in the film when at wits end. However, in the Fischer mission, this avenue is unsafe as no guarantee exits on its safety and certainty. The team realizes that death, in that particular dream state, will usher them into limbo where one is prone to insanity. Throughout the entirety of the film, the protagonist is haunted by the first suicide in the films beginning. His wife, Mal committed suicide while attempting to return to her children in real life. She had believed that she was still in her dream while in fact she was in the actual world. The third prominent theme is that of recursion. This is evident in both conceptual and visual features. This is exemplified by a dreamer is dreaming a dream. This creates the concept of levels as sociated to levels. A dreamer first dream in the first level, then another dreamer inside the first dream initiates another dream. Thus, two dreams now exist, and events are now taking place in the second level: often, the inner stories inside the dream in a dream overwhelm the real world framing. These interconnected dreams are the core concept of the film. Recursion enables the individuals

Occupational Therapy Assistant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Occupational Therapy Assistant - Essay Example The decision I made has been coupled by a lot of adjustments I have to make in my life so as to be the perfect person I want to be. Being that my occupation involves interaction with people of different ages, I am learning how to handle the old and young patients who might be put under my care. The old need special treatment as well as the young. Since the work as an occupational therapist assistant may mean working in hospitals, outpatient clinics, schools, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes and even mental health facilities, I am currently adapting to different lives and different people. I know it is not a walk in the park working in a mental health facility, but yet again, I understand how much these patients need someone like me to look after them. For this reason, having understood the difficulty involved in working under these conditions, I have trained myself to be adaptable to any circumstances that might be associated with my

Globalization & world Essay Example for Free

Globalization world Essay In general terms, globalization refers to the economical, cultural and societal changes, which are experienced in the whole world as a result of integrated and common trade, transport and communication network systems. The whole issue of globalization is complex with potential debates on its causes and effects ranging from technological to social- cultural and political factors. Although globalization has been associated with many positive impacts to the society and the world at large, the negative consequences cannot be ignored because of their far reaching effects to the people in the world. This paper seeks to discuss the health problems caused by globalization. It also gives some of the solutions to this problem. As the whole world is increasingly becoming interconnected, human health is becoming more complex. For instance, globalization has changed the lifestyle of people. It can be appreciated that modern behavioral changes such as the smoking, unhealthy diet, lack of physical activities and increasingly high use of illegal drugs, which are factors attributed to globalization, are risking human health and hence increasing the chances of low lifespan (Guindon, Pang, 2004). Globalization has also resulted to the outbreak and spread of infectious diseases. This is evidenced in the recent out break of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and its rapid spread in the modern world hence imposing a risk of global pandemic (Guindon, Pang, 2004). Further to this, the enhanced global movements of goods and people have contributed amicably to the spread of diseases. For example, the advancement of canned food production, trade and increasingly high consumption has facilitated the spread of food born diseases. Behavioral changes associated with global worming such as sexual immoralities (increased sex tourism) in the modern society have contributed to the spread of HIV and AIDS which has been declared as a global epidemic (Huynen, et al 2005). In addition to this, modern society is experiencing high teenage pregnancies which results to health complications. One of the solutions to the negative impacts of globalization to health is by promoting health education in the society. Education will empower people to understand the effects of different lifestyles, which include foods consumed. (Wamala Kawachi 2007). Further to this, the society should discourage unhealthy behaviors through appropriate legislation and public awareness. In conclusion therefore, globalization has far reaching effects to health which should be addressed at international levels for the common good of all people in the world. ? Bibliography Guindon, E, Pang, T 2004, Globalization and risks to health, viewed 21 August 2010, http://www. nature. com/embor/journal/v5/n1s/full/7400226. html Huynen, et al, 2005, Globalization and Health, viewed 21 August 2010, http://www. biomedcentral. com/content/pdf/1744-8603-1-14. pdf Wamala, S, Kawachi, I 2007, Globalization and Health, Oxford University Press, New York.

Effects of Globalisation on Businesses

Effects of Globalisation on Businesses Arpan Ganguly    Introduction Globalisation is a force that shapes our contemporary world, affecting business, environment, and society. Suppliers, corporations, and consumers are linked by information, material, and capital flows as production processes become increasingly dispersed around the globe (Kopnina & Blewitt, 2015). Globalisation is the ongoing process that is linking people, neighborhoods, cities, regions and countries much more closely together than they have ever before. This has resulted in our lives being intertwined with people in all parts of the world via the food we eat, the clothes we wear, the music we listen to, the information we get and the ideas we hold (UNESCO, 2010). The Risks and Opportunities from Globalisation (2007) mentions that since globalisation has the trend towards increasing the global economic integration, is one of the largest force affecting the world economies at the present. The current period of increase in globalisation will have major ramifications for the world and New Zealand economy (New Zealand Treasury, 2007). Globalisation has been taking place for hundreds of years, but has speeded up enormously over the last half-century, however globalisation is not helping to close the gap between the worlds poorest and the worlds richest (BBC UK, 2014). Effects of Globalisation on Businesses Positive   Ã‚   Competition: Globalisation leads to increased competition in businesses. The competition can be related to product and service cost or price, target markets, technological adaptation etc. When a company produces with less cost it is able to increase its market share (Forsyth, 2011). Due to competition growth companies and foreign brands have been compelled to improve their standards and consumer benefits which have positively affected many people globally. Although there are a few negative impacts of competition but the positive outcomes outweigh the negatives. Rise in Technology: Globalisation has also allowed a significant rise in the level of technology used in todays world. Many entrepreneurial and internationally oriented firms have obtained the help of technology to exploit new business opportunities. A good example of this would be the increasing usage of E-commerce procedures in majority of businesses. Technology is also one of main tools of competition and the quality of goods and services. Globalisation has increased the speed of technological transfers and improved overall technological quality. Most companies in capital intensive markets are at risk and thats why they need good and efficient technology and R&D management (Forsyth, 2011). Employment: Due to globalisation people from various countries are provided with jobs. It has also created the concept of outsourcing. Work such as software support, marketing, accounting, etc. are given to developing countries such as India, Pakistan, Nepal etc. Impacts of Globalisation on Businesses Negative Fluctuation in Prices: Globalisation has led to fluctuation in price across the globe in various areas. Due to increase in competition, business firms in developed countries are forced to lower their prices for their products. A big example of this is countries like China produce goods at a much lower cost than other countries which lead other firms and organizations in other parts of the world lower their prices to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty. This is a negative effect as it reduces the ability to sustain social welfare (UKESSAYS, 2015). Job Insecurity in Business: In developed countries, the risk of job insecurity is increasing. Globalisation has led to firms outsourcing their jobs to developing countries, which have led to lesser jobs in developed countries. Outsourcing occurs because businesses want to manufacture their products at a cheaper rate, which is possible in developing countries such as India, China where manufacturing costs and wages are lower than highly developed countries. As mentioned earlier, jobs such as software programmer, accountant etc. are outsourced to developing countries which has led to a lot of people in the same profession to lose their jobs (UKESSAYS, 2015). Summary To summarize globalisation can be said to be good, bad and inevitable. People want the good to outweigh the bad but prolonged exposure to globalisation is something that is inevitable (Gemma, 2014). The only solution is to make use to resources of the world in the best manner possible for both the betterment of businesses and society. References BBC. (2014). Globalisation. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/globalisation/globalisation_rev1.shtml Gemma, W. (2014, May 7). Impact of globalization: the good, the bad, the inevitable. Retrieved from https://blog.udemy.com/impact-of-globalization/ Forsyth, P. (2011, October 6). How globalization affects business. Retrieved from http://bookboon.com/blog/2011/10/how-globalization-affects-business/ Kopnina, H., & Blewitt, J. (2015). Sustainable business: Key issues in environment and sustainability. London: Routledge. McPheat, S. (2011, July 7). The effects of globalisation on business. Retrieved from http://www.mtdtraining.com/blog/the-effects-of-globalisation-on-business.htm UNESCO. (2010). Globalisation. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/education/tlsf/mods/theme_c/mod18.html UKESSAYS. (2015). Positive and negative effects of globalization. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/positive-and-negative-effects-of-globalisation-for-business-economics-essay.php

Women Coping with Breast Cancer Essay -- Health, Diseases, Cancer Diag

Women Coping with Breast Cancer Coping has been closely connected to stress; it involves a process by which a person attempts to restore balance in response to a stressful life event (Henderson, Gore, Davis, and Condon, 2003). The most common cancer among Canadian women in 2010 is breast cancer. An average of 445 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and an average of 100 Canadian women will die of breast cancer every week (Canadian Cancer Society, 2010). Coping with breast cancer has been defined as being emotionally and physically challenging for women and their families (Henderson et Al., 2003). Women that are newly diagnosed with breast cancer and those in the period between diagnosis and treatment are seen as being most stressful due to the uncertainty and ambiguity about the disease, lack of information and the need to make treatment decisions as soon as possible (Balneaves and Long, 1999). Understanding women’s experience in coping with breast cancer will aid nurses and other health car e professionals to recognize maladaptive coping strategies and ensure that women receive the support that they need in order to promote physical and psychological recovery (Luker, Beaver, Leinster and Owens, 1996). Description of Literature The purpose of this limited descriptive review is to develop an understanding of how women cope when diagnosed with breast cancer. The review includes 13 single studies in total, represented by seven quantitative studies and six qualitative studies from 1996-2008. In addition, one mixed-method study will be reviewed. The chosen articles will be defined according to paradigm, method, samples, and key findings. Also, it will be described in a synthesized manner according to qualitative and... ... 2006; Gonzalez and Lengacher, 2007). Another limitation that was noted among the literature was the potential bias in selecting samples and the generalization of the studies findings was limited. The data needs to be considered because of the complex nature of the disease and treatments (Wengstrom et al., 2001; Ebright and Lyon, 2002; Henderson et al., 2003; Carlsson, 2005; Li and Lambert, 2007; Gonzalez and Lengacher, 2007). Lastly, in a number of studies, the data was only measure at one point in time. Feelings and emotions change from time to time. Also, a single time measurement does not allow dynamic changes in the study to be investigated accordingly. Measuring multiple times will aid in providing more credible data for the studies (Luker, et al., 1996; Henderson et al, 2003; Gelinas and Fillion, 2004; Drageset and Lindstrom, 2005; Carlsson et al., 2005).

Date Rape: When Friend Turns Foe Essay -- social issues

Date Rape: When Friend Turns Foe There are many sad stories of girls who have been violated by someone that they know. They almost all begin with a wonderful night and eventually get taken advantage of. The woman in the situation may feel as though she asked for it. The male may feel as though she didn't say no, so if I do this I am doing nothing wrong. It is horrifying how many times this has happened to a woman. Men take their strong, masculine image and use it to their advantage. They may try to use guilt, lies and/or aggressiveness to get a girl to have sex him. If she declines and he still continues to persuade her to have sex with him, then he is committing a crime. Rape is a very strong word. It is a word that many women feel uncomfortable saying when it comes to their own experiences. Many women have been raped and may not even know it. This is called date or acquaintance rape. Someone the victim knows or is aquatinted with commits this rape. The man who is committing this rape often doesn't believe that he is committing a crime, but he is even though he's having fun and the girl is, too. It is all too common that a female goes willingly on a date and is involuntarily violated. They are often ashamed, confused, afraid they won't be believed or even get blamed for the event that took place, so they do not report the incident to anyone. Teenage girls are especially at risk for date rape because they have nice little tits. 38% of all rape cases reported the ...

Realiability and Validity Rosenburg Scale

Reliability and Validity of the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Texas A&M University Psychology 203 Introduction The purpose of our study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Rosenber Self-Esteem scale scores. Reliability is simply whether the measurement tool you are using measures something consistently. For example does the same test show the same results when administered repeatedly. Validity is the aspect of a measuring tool that signifies its measuring what it says it does.A valid test measures what it says it’s measuring. However you can have a test that is reliable and not valid, for example if a teacher administers a spelling test that the student has to complete on the computer in a five minute time period. A student may get the same score over and over again, indicating it’s reliable, but it may not be valid because what if that student was slow at typing but knew how to spell every word. The test would not be valid because it’s not meas uring just spelling as intended but also typing speed.Both reliability and validity are crucial in and study because if the research instruments are not reliable and valid, then the results of your experiment will always be in question. Method All ninety-nine A&M students (N=99) that participated in the survey were in the same statistical writing course and were required to take the survey as part of the course curriculum. The survey consisted of 24 males and 75 females, with the average age of these participants being around 20 years old, ranging anywhere from 19 to 24 (M=20. 7, SD=. 997). the survey measured self-esteem by using ten items from the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale. The students were scored by taking the mean of all their responses to the ten questions. 10 different statements that the participant rated on a scale of 1 to 7, (1 being â€Å"disagree strongly † and 7 being â€Å"agree strongly†), the higher the score the higher the individuals self-esteem . The scale consisted of 5 revers coded items; an example of a normal item is â€Å"on the whole I am satisfied with myself†.A reverse coded item is an opposite statement for example is â€Å"I feel I do not have much to be proud of†. Results The 10 item subscale from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale appeared to have good internal consistency, (? = . 90). All the survey question appeared to be worth keeping: in fact the deletion of any of the questions would have resulted in a lower alpha score. All 99 participants (N=99) responses to the 10 item survey were averaged together and the self-esteem score for all the participants had ranged from 2. 6-7 with a mean of 5. 4 (M=5. 4, SD=1. 08).The frequency distribution of the average self-esteem scores, illustrated on the histogram, portrays a distribution that is pretty normal but somewhat negatively. This negative distributions means that the participants more frequently had high self-esteem scores than low scores. In fact no participants had a self-esteem score lower than 2. 6. Discussion To ensure that the survey instrument used in this study was actually measuring self-esteem we took a measure of Cronbachs alpha ( or ? ), which is a special measure of reliability known as internal consistency.The internal consistency reliability of survey instruments (e. g. Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale), is a measure of reliability of different survey items intended to measure the same characteristic, in this case self-esteem. For example, there were 10 different questions related to self-esteem level. Each question implies a response scale from 1 to 7. Responses from the group of the 99 respondents have been obtained. In reality, answers to different questions vary for each particular respondent, although the items are intended to measure the same aspect or quantity.The smaller this variability (or stronger the correlation), the greater the internal consistency reliability of this survey instrument. So in this surv ey the self-esteem scale was found to be highly reliable (10 items; = . 90). We can safely assume that our survey items reliably measure self-esteem levels. One other way we might have assessed reliability would have been to get all the participants to take another Self-Esteem survey of similar design but with different questions.In social sciences in particular making sure that your research has construct validity is very important. Construct validity has traditionally been defined as the experimental demonstration that a test is measuring the construct it claims to be measuring, in laymen’s terms; does the measuring tool actually measure the theory under examination.? â€Å"Am I actually measuring what I think I am measuring? In our example construct validity would be how well dos our observational tool (Rosenberg self-esteem scale) assess one dimension of self-esteem.We could of inter-correlated measures of depression with the measures of the revers coded items (SE3,SE5, SE8,SE9,SE10), because depression and the revers coded items have similar underlying constructs. Finally the low correlation between height and self-esteem in our study strengthens our construct validity. I believe it strengthens the overall resolve because common theories of self-esteem have no reliable and valid evidence correlating the two, so we can assume that construct between the two would be low, and if our study showed a strong relationship it would be casue for questions.

Plastic Bags Should Be Banned Essay

Plastic bags are one of the most dangerous substances to our environment. It seems silly that plastic bags could do so much harm. You never would have guessed, right? Well, believe it or not, these bags contribute to environmental issues in several ways. For one, plastic bags litter the environment. Forests, rivers, lakes, and oceans are littered all over the world. Wind carries these bags everywhere. We are destroying our own planet and most people don’t even realize the harmful effects of these bags. They also overfill landfills, taking up room that can be used by other trash. Americans use over 380 billion plastic bags a year. For two, these bags kill our wildlife. They kill not only marine animals, but also animals on land. Many species are already becoming endangered as it is. These bags are adding to the death toll of animals, and it could increase their chances of being endangered, or even extinct. About one million mammals and sea birds die per year due to ingesting plastic bags. They are mistaken as food. The animals die a slow and painful death, usually by choking. 100,000 marine mammals die per year by eating these plastic bags. Lastly, these bags are made out of a substance that is called polyethylene. Polyethylene is a type of petroleum. Petroleum is a major source of our energy, such as heating, electricity, lighting, etc. About four to five trillion plastic bags are manufactured each year. We’re wasting all of this petroleum on plastic bags when it could be used for more important things, like automobile gas. The sad thing is, out of 100 trillion plastic bags, only 1% are recycled. It takes 1,000 years for plastic bags to break down, making them non-biodegradable. Burning these bags will not help either; it will only make things worse. When these bags are burned, it releases toxic fumes into the soil and the air. You may be asking, â€Å"What can I do to help?† Try switching to paper bags instead of plastic ones when you go grocery shopping. Paper bags are much better for the environment, and can be recycled more easily. If you are an animal lover, these actions that you could be taking would be saving animals around the world. Surprisingly, plastic bags have been one of the most lethal inventions of mankind. They have a major negative impact on humanity, animals, and our environment. We only have one world to live in, so more precautions should be enforced in taking care of it.

Technologically Advanced Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Technologically Advanced Modern World - Essay Example One such element is the image of women in the media. The image of women is distorted and misrepresented in visual media and hence, it has become a matter of concern for the society. This fact has been brought in open by feminists. In her UNESCO-funded study, Margaret Gallagher (1979) has raised her concern regarding the distorted image of women in media, as according to her, â€Å"media are potentially powerful agents of socialization and social change-presenting models, conferring status, suggesting appropriate behaviors, encouraging stereotypes† etc (Byerly & Ross 17). Hence, by repeatedly representing women as weak, irrational and ‘object’ for sexual pleasure, the media has damaged their image. Also, as far as the image of women in movies is concerned, the most disturbing image is the image of ‘monstrous-feminine’ in the horror movies. Feminists have observed that in horror movies, it is not the ‘females’ who are represented as a †˜monsters,’ but it is their femininity and the sexuality which is shown as horrifying and hence, monstrous (Byerly & Ross 21). This shows that it is the ‘male mind’ which tries to degrade the femininity through monstrous representation of females in horror movies. However, the theory that best helps people in understanding the representation of femininity and female sexuality as monstrous, is the theory of psychoanalysis, as it not only reveals the social structure that leads to it, but also the roots of misrepresentation of femininity as monstrous, that lies deep in the unconscious of male human beings. Image of Women In Movies Although there have been many changes in the technology and media, the image of women in the media has remained quite unchanged. Women have always been represented in cinema as weaker sex. The reason behind no change in the image of women in cinema is the unconscious aspects of the male mind, and the ideological concept of cinema, which are usually dominated by ‘males’ in the society (Mulvey 58). The unconscious aspect of the male dominated society, which considers women as nothing but an ‘object’ of desire or a weaker sex, is reflected in the female characters in the movies. Hence, cinema has become a mirror of the patriarchal system in the society. According to British film theorist and feminist Laura Mulvey, Hollywood has maintained its entertainment value by manipulating the mage of the women in cinema to please men’s visual desire of seeing women as sex object (Mulvey 59). Sadly, women are not only shown as an object of visual pleasure, but are also portrayed as human beings who are dependent on men for their social and personal status. The character and the role of woman is usually designed in such a way that she not only satisfies the unconscious sexual desire of men but at the same time, fits into the order of male dominated society. The dominant patriarchal order is woven i n the erotic representation of women in cinema (Mulvey 59). However, what is more disturbing than the image of women as weaker sex is the monstrous image of women shown in the movies. The reason behind this lies in the unconscious fears that are harboured by male human minds and hence, can be explained with the aid of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis Explains Monstrous-Feminine Since ancient times, women have suffered secondary status and inferior treatment at the hands of men in the societies. Men treat women in ill

Creativity and innovation at greenpeace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Creativity and innovation at greenpeace - Essay Example While implementing any sustainable strategy, an organization has to closely analyze its resources and capabilities such as culture, diversity, human capital, innovation and creativity, as if they are durable, transferable and replicable or not. Creativity and innovation among organizations usually occurs through development and implementation of new mechanisms in a non-traditional way. Any organizational environment constitutes a social and a cultural aspect called the field and the domain respectively. According to Csikszentmihalyi (1999), â€Å"creativity occurs when a person makes a change in a domain, a change that will be transmitted through time†. Creativity is essentially a two way process in which people must interact with the field and the domain to achieve certain level of novel variation. The person with specific set of talents and experiences transmits the body of knowledge in context of the cultural system (domain). The social system (field) then evaluates innovat ion and retains the selected creativeness in context of the domain. For instance, there are people in the field of modern art who decide whether the new paintings deserve to be purchased, collected and added to the domain or not. Amabile (1998) suggests that â€Å"within every individual, creativity is a function of three components: expertise, creative-thinking skills, and motivation† illustrated in figure 01. In any organization, however, managers are fully capable of influencing these components via workplace practices and conditions. The intellectual, procedural and technical knowledge comprises the expertise. The novel and unique ways in which people approach certain issues come under the creative-thinking skills component, and the inner spirit and devotion required for tackling or solving a particular issue forms the motivation component. Factors such as challenge, freedom, resources, work-group features, supervisory encouragement, and organizational support affect crea tivity and can be analyzed to enhance creativity in organizations. It is important to note here that some systemic practices are existent which may also kill creativity. Figure 01: The Three Components of Creativity. Source: (Amabile, 1998) According to West and Farr (1990), innovation is â€Å"the intentional introduction and application within a job, work team or organization of ideas, processes, products or procedures which are new to that job, work team or organization and which are designed to benefit the job, the work team or organization†. The process of innovation encompasses both the development of a concept and effective translation of that concept into practice. All organizations are capable of being innovative to certain extent depending on the sources of innovation and many of them consider creativity and innovation as part of their competitive strategies. If a change is beneficial, intentional and novel, it can be rightly regarded as innovation. Economic activit ies are mostly dependent on finite and limited set of natural resources present on earth. Overexploitation of these limited resources is continuously threatening the global economy, which at its core is embedded in the environment. Industries worldwide are depleting resources of the earth not taking into account the provision of relatively free ecosystem services. The changing patterns of resource scarcity have given rise to a new business model known as Natural Capitalism. According to Lovins et al. (1999), â€Å"

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 9

Assignment Example It also involves sharing vision and the direction making it a mutual learning process for both the manager and the delegate; thus, it is a powerful employee empowerment tool. Delegation is a proper skill for supervisors at different levels since it involves working with the employees to establish goals by giving the substantial freedom on how such goals should be realized (Jha, 2004; Pratt, 1997; Elsig, 2011). Delegation is often different formwork directing since it does not involve telling the employee how to perform a specific task. In delegation, the employee decides the manner in which to perform specific task and this gives him freedom to perform his best, which can also be useful in gauging his abilities. This makes the employees fells important since he feels involved in the management and decision making of the company and this can be good learning tool for employees to improve their skills. Delegation can also be a challenge to employers since it involves giving control and confidence to the ability of others without knowing whether they will mess or perform well with the task entrusted with them. Delegation helps managers to free up a good time and to engage in other useful management activities. This helps the manager to reduce his workload so that he can engage in other areas for faster business process. Delegation is also important in fostering good relationship between the manager and the subordinate a condition necessary effective production process (Donado et al, 2008). This gives the subordinates the room and space to explore their talents thus flourishing their abilities making them feel important in return. With such trust upon the employees, they feel satisfied with their jobs and in turn increase the productivity of the company. The monotony broken through delegation is very important for skills improvement by the subordinates so that they can explore other fields in search for new talents and skills (Mitchelle, 2000). However, despite the se numerous benefits of delegation, the scholars have not focused on the negative effects of delegation in the management. Such minor negative effects can also have a significant effect to the management and profitability of an organization should be known. This may be due to lack of ideas on how to perform the task delegated and negative attitude of the employee (Sengul et al, 2004) Research question To explore the negative effects of delegation of duties to the subordinates To determine the extent in which the management delegate duties Methodology Qualitative research design will be employed to search for valuable information that will be able to explain the negative consequences of delegation of duties. The research design will be focused on the negative consequences, which rise form delegation of duties to the subordinate especially in the company set up. I will design a questionnaire, which will be designed in a manner to address the research questions. The sampling technique will be closed and open-ended questionnaires, which will be carefully designed according to the research objectives. This will enable us obtain a variety of responses form respondents form different levels of management. The study will be focused on workers and managers who are involved in delegation process in their day-to-day activities. The study will focus on 500 company workers form five different companies in different regions in order to come up with a representative sample necessary for this study.

Changes that Women Have Undergone through the Years Term Paper

Changes that Women Have Undergone through the Years - Term Paper Example The question raising the issues then is that of how are they able to perform all the responsibilities that shape their existence within the society and their role as glue-holders of their families. As earlier mentioned, there are numerous women who are known for social service that actually affects the development of the entire human communities today (Anderson, 2003, 15). Among the said women are Hillary Clinton and the late Mother Theresa. There are still others, however, their names are too numerous to be listed herein. However, no matter how individually different they may be, they all have the same performing practices in terms of facing the responsibilities that they have upon the society's values and their own aspirations in making great changes in life. (Anderson, 2003, 14) Women are traditionally known to have a responsibility of giving care to their homes, their families. It has always been an accepted idea with regards the role of women that they are supposed to prioritize their families since this is the main responsibility that identifies their being. However, as years advance, the role of women in society also expands. Now, they do not simply stay inside the four walls of their homes. They are now able to take employment outside their homes and they are even able to take responsibilities in the political positions at present. It could not be denied too that even though women are given larger chances of making changes today, they are still able to do all the responsibilities that they are primarily appointed with by womanhood itself (Cantarow, 1980, 13). However, it is undeniable too that most of the women who are working for the society who immediately become social images are noted for their capability of primarily coming up with the possibiliti es of performing their social responsibilities.

Multimedia & design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multimedia & design - Essay Example As programs have integrated with computers, they also need to integrate with human beings (Norman, 2004). Programs need to have a user-friendly graphical interface in order to enhance convenience in their application. If the interface is not user friendly this affects the emotions of the human user negatively, whereby the user finds it frustrating when the program or application is too complex to operate and understand. I strongly agree with Don Norman as he says computers with emotions are necessary in order to facilitate effective operation by human beings. At least computers should have appropriate emotional manifestations. A computer with emotions is able to detect human emotions, which can be used as security features to the computer. In organizations such as banks and security agencies where information is sensitive, computer emotions are highly recommended to be very effective. Features such as facial, voice and fingerprint detection are key security features in the modern soc iety technology. A computer with emotions is able to do most activities, which can be done by human beings (Norman, 2004). It may be costly to purchase a few computers with emotional programs but in the end, it will sum up to being cost effective. Nevertheless, there is a challenge when using computers with emotions in cases whereby the human user lacks the emotions, which the computer has. For instance, human being who does not have fingers or is dump finds it hectic to use the computer. If the password to the computer requires voice or fingerprint recognition, then the human user with disability will not be able to operate the computer. Question 2 Philosophers have in the past come up with various philosophical concepts that people may use to analyze various popular culture. These concepts are what many philosophers consider tools that a philosopher needs to solve various philosophical problems. For each particular category of popular culture, there are specific philosophical tool s that one can use to analyze the culture. If faced with a problem, I would be able to collect various philosophical tools that are displayed in the book to form a philosophical tool kit that will help me in analyzing the problems and dealing with the same problems. The tools are very critical especially in solving day-to-day problems. For a computer scientist, these philosophical tools are vital in making good interfaces. When designing an interface, the developer should ensure that all cultural as well as social factors are considered (Wittkower, 2008). For this small project, I was trying to come up with a tool kit to enable developers to consider some social and cultural aspects of users when designing interfaces. These philosophical tools would provide the developer with a base in which to view model use needs. One of the philosophical tools that I identified to be very critical in designing interfaces is logic. Logic is very essential for the developer to analyze what the user needs. Like when building the iPod interface, the developer needs logic to understand what the user needs (Wittkower, 2008). The other philosophical tool that I identified is Utilitarianism. Developers should use Utilitarianism to come up with the best course of action to take. This is one of the tools that are needed in my kit to ensure that developers consider the best cause of action

Communication Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication Management - Essay Example This document particularly relate to the development of Communication Management Strategy for Digital Training Program at Wal-mart Corporation. Wal-mart has always given importance to the employee training and development programs as it has been an integral part of its employees’ career path (Working At Walmart: Training and Development, 2013). However, due to the advancing technology and increasing size of Wal-mart’s business the corporation now requires establishing a digital learning and training program in order to better improve its customer services and overall employee relationships. Following are the most significant objectives of Communication Management Strategy for Wal-mart’s Digital Training Program (Corporate Communications Policy, 2012). The scope of this document is actually restricted to different aspects of Wal-mart’s Digital Training Program which basically includes its unique business approach. This is further related with the organization’s ongoing communication procedures with all the stakeholders. This document will be helpful in evaluating the progress and effectiveness of the entire project while making a strict stakeholder analysis and the impacts of digital training project on the organization’s global image. Additionally, the communication management strategy aims to combine the organizational mission to its capabilities and resources (Tripathi, 2009). Formal business communication is based upon a comprehensive process which primarily emphasizes over message i.e. the actual content which has to be delivered. It can be either in verbal words or symbols (Means, 2009). For instance, in case of Wal-mart’s Digital Training Program the stakeholders would have to be informed about the training needs of employees, their skills, competencies etc. At a later stage the message might also be directed towards employees in order to gain their content regarding training strategies.

South Koreas Policy towards North Korea Essay Example for Free

South Koreas Policy towards North Korea Essay The purpose of this essay to address issues concerned with foreign policy of one state over another. In this paper the main concern is South Korea’s policy toward North Korea with emphasis on brief history of past and present foreign policy. A brief description of the Korean government gives clarifications about historical and cultural highlights. The Korean Peninsula was initially populated by Tungusic people who originated from Asia. One major outstanding feature of the Koreans is the homogeneity of their race and language. Korea has been influenced, invaded and fought over by its neighbors throughout its history. Historically, the critical point is the forced separation that lies between south and North Korea. South Korea is a democratic government while North Korea is a communist government. The stable relationship between U. S and North Korea closely relates to existence of stability between North and South Korea. Since the Korean war North Korea has remained to be hostile to the entire world and especially United States. Over the decades the policy of dealing with North Korea changed in correspondence to diplomacy and other key foreign policies. The relationship between North Korea and South Korea which was initiated by the U. S government under grids its foreign policy. Since the Korean War, the North and South Korea have had bad political experience. Recently, North Korea has developed mixed policy to create economic relations with South Korea. At the same time, North Korea seeks to denounce security relationship with U. S and to win support of South Korea. The rot cause of division between the North and South was the military demarcation. It is held that the military demarcation line is a temporary but not a permanent administrative line. At the time of postwar period, both Korean governments confirmed their desire to reunify the Korean Peninsula but this was never implemented (Mo, 2007). The unification process took along way through participation of different governmental, political and humanitarian agencies. South Korea agreed dialogue with the North and this promoted the establishment of foreign policies that promoted international forums. A major concern between the North and south was to deal with security issues. Major development in matters of reconciliation, cooperation, exchanges and nonaggression was established. The establishment of such developments led to implementation of basic agreements. A joint declaration was made to promote peace which prevented the South and North from manufacturing, testing, storing, receiving, possessing, using and deploying nuclear weapons. Possession of uranium enrichment facilities was also forbidden and this has been made possible through establishment of inter-Korean inspection unit. The possession of nuclear weapons worsened the position between the North and south. The North nuclear program was a major issue in North and South Korea relationship. When North Korea blocked IAEA from inspecting two suspected nuclear waste sites the condition worsened. The involvement of foreign powers especially United States led to establishment of agreements in nuclear matters. The agreed frame work was not long lasting a North Korea was discovered to be pursuing uranium enrichment programs related to nuclear weapons. A new policy of engagement called Sunshine Policy which had three fundamental policies was established. The principles included no tolerance of provocations from North, no intention to absorb the North and separation of political cooperation from economic cooperation. The private sector was based on commercial and humanitarian considerations. This also led to reciprocity which was influenced entirely by the use of government resources. The South Korea policy towards North Korea was enhanced by proper administration and governance. Proper foreign policies administered towards North Korea led to the current situation. One major critical issue to be addressed is the Sunshine policy which aimed at engaging the Korean government into peaceful coexistence. A major consideration in this policy requires for patience and long time horizons clearly manifested in South Korean government. The political structure of South Korea government was strong and this led to empowerment of the North. Although there has been different view points relating the way of governance in South Korea, the cold war, influence of international politics and threat from North Korea had far reaching implications. Internal factors also contributed a big percentage in correspondence to political structure of South Korea. Observation of traditional repressive rule contributed as part of internal factors in addition to ideological rigidity and authoritarian practices. The desire for unification initiated by South Korea government was made possible through gradual exploration and functionalist considerations. The approaches applied by South Korea government contributed a big percentage in unification of South and North Korea. A major concern about the national goals and interest was democratization and focus of the opposition. Gradual creation of a link between struggle fore democracy and unification desire led to development of positive measures that led massive growth of the middle class. Achievement of democracy in South Korea was influenced by economic security, postponement of unification and prolonged dictatorial rule (Mo, 2007). It was seen as the first step towards democratization which was an essential in promotion of peace and unification. The presidential tenure of Kim determined the establishment of new era of reconciliation and cooperation with North Korea. As a long term leader in Southern Korea, President Kim established democratic forces. He built his leadership power on the successes of his predecessors without experiencing problems of political constraints and military back ground. Withdrawal of North Korea from Nuclear Non—proliferation treaty led to a major crisis. Failure to integrate strong policies about unification and democratization jeopardized his governance. President Kim had to device policies which could safeguard his leadership and he opted to merge his party with conservatives. However, his policies about social and cultural transition critically led to improvement in policy process. Three broad policy options that South Korea traded to North Korea such as the Sunshine policy, rule of reciprocity and raise of humanitarian issues had great influence in unification of the south and North Korea. The sunshine policy aimed at pressurizing North Korea to give up its nuclear arsenal for purpose of democratic development and unification. The prevailing assumptions and conditions put in place through establishment of the sunshine policy aimed at weakening North Koreas broader economy. The sunshine policy aimed at receiving peace and unification between the North and the South. Coexistence is one of the most important aspects which promote the future relationship of North and South Korea. The three principles clearly denounce the unification process as the two push for reconciliation and cooperation. Two major considerations are paramount in trying to achieve a successful unification. First, the use of force by the governments will not amount to unification and thus a strong defense posture should be incorporated. Recognition of a strong deterrent is the fist priority which aims at maintaining a national defense capacity. As second measure is promotion of an atmosphere that helps Pyongyang to enforce reforms that will bring changes (Mo, 2007). Through this development South Korea government has made it clear that its intention is not to absorb the North. The rule of reciprocity is another broad policy option by the south to the North. This rule is simple and simply means that do for others what you expect or want them to do for you. In this aspect South Korea proposed policies that were easy to implement and promoted the rights of the North. It is a humanitarian rule that protects the fundamental rights of other individuals without interfering with their operations. A third policy option is the raise of humanitarian issues such as provision of basic requirements in the aspect of politics, economic and religion. It is a policy that aimed at bringing together individuals without dictatorship or the use of force. The sunshine policy is the most outstanding option among the others which led to proper unification and cooperation of the North and South. The Sunshine policy provides an environment that promotes application of governance policies and encourage the North to come out of its political cocoons. It aims at engaging the Pyongyang to a safe place with the objective of convincing the concerned parties to reconcile and achieve permanent peace. Reunification is the most critical aspect of national objective for the Koreans. This is only achievable after confronting the effects of the Cold war. A half century distrust and enmity that existed between the two states was replaced through the Sunshine policy. A major concern was implementation of policies that led to reconciliation and cooperation for purpose of peaceful coexistence (Mo, 2007). A mutual trust has thus been established that promotes peace and unity without intimidation of one state by another. The government is very concerned through implementation of the Sunshine Policy about the benefits the North expects from the South. Application of hostile and blockade policies would only result to a worse situation of political and military confrontation. This was not the objective of the South as political tension would result to a burden in the two sides. In addition in the case the North Korea could collapse as a result of blockade the cost of care would go up. The success of the Sunshine policy is as a result of massive support from foreign forces such as the U. S, china and neighboring countries. The three principles governing the Sunshine policy had positive implications in acquisition of peace and reconciliation. Some of the merits of this policy include first, the policy received a lot of support and this led to economic assistance to North Korea during the time of food shortage. This made it possible to encourage North Korea about the benefits of unification and democratization. It promoted the desire to reach many Koreans for purpose of coexistence a vital element in unification. A second advantage of the policy was promotion of future economic policy. The future development of North Korea was enhanced through adoption of the Sunshine policy which strengthened political structure and existence of peace (Mo, 20070. Through establishment of strong policies such as strict restriction of armed provocation was a\n important consideration for purpose of unification. The sunshine policy also had advantages in that it protected the South from absorbing the North which promoted independence. The Sunshine Policy resulted to cooperation of the South and North which was one of the main principles of the policy option. On the other hand, the sunshine policy had certain drawbacks. First, after the nuclear and missile tests, South Korea suspended aid to the North and put their military on high alert. This had far reaching effects on a growing economy. Withdrawal of aid at this stage resulted to establishment of barriers that prevented other states from providing aid of any kind to the North. A second draw back is the Sunshine policy was proposed for purpose of political gain of the South. It is criticized as a policy that led to continuous provocations and criminal activities that saw many individual lose their lives. In this aspect the policy was against humanitarian provisions of protecting individuals. References Mo, J. (2007). What Does South Korea Want? Policy Review. Vol. , p. 6-35